摘    要

沉水植物为水生植物的一种，以往对沉水植物的研究大多集中在其生态习性及净水功能方面，如今希望将沉水植物的生态功能与园林造景功能结合考虑，以广州常见主要沉水植物为研究对象，结合水生态修复技术，修复现有的城市园林水体的生态系统和提升园林沉水植物景观，在发挥其净水去污的基础上，将其作为造景材料，进一步挖掘其在园林中的用途，重点解决在城市园林水体中，沉水植物的园林应用技术问题。通过对沉水植物生态功能和景观功能的探讨，尝试进行跨专业的综合研究，寻找发挥沉水植物生态效益和景观效益的园林应用方法，为将来水生植物的科学、生态造景提供参考和指导。主要研究结论如下：

1.根据对水生植物种类较多的海珠湿地公园一期示范区、海珠湖公园、荔湾湖及荔枝湾涌的实地调查，发现大部分公园沉水植物应用1种左右，常见种为狐尾藻，造景模式和应用种类相对单一。在此基础上，针对广州地区水生植物造景现状提出建议，并推荐可增加应用的沉水植物品种。

2.以园林景观应用为目的，根据沉水植物形态特征将其分为枝状植物、蔓状植物、草状植物、挺水绿冠四类，并对其应用方式进行说明。

3.提出了在动水环境中沉水植物的净水和造景方法：以河流水系为对象，在上游布置潜流湿地，在公园下游布置景观表面流湿地，进行补充净化。沉水植物选择适宜或喜流水环境的品种，针对公园中的人工动水环境提出了相应的造景原则。

4.提出了广州地区静态水体水质净化方法：春季栽种如凤眼莲等水生植物，配合投放的食藻虫在净化初期快速提高水体透明度；在达到光补偿点后，引种沉水植物，恢复沉水植物群落。秋初利用生态浮床技术种植具净水功能的挺水植物，并及时打捞植物以免造成二次污染。

5.对不同特征的静态水体提出对应的沉水植物应用原则，按大水域和小水域的不同特点从沿岸带及湖沼带两个植被带进行阐述。

6.以上述原理为基础，以兰圃水体为示范性场地，进行净水和沉水植物园林应用实践。

关键词：沉水植物；水域生态设计；园林水体生态修复；园林造景应用

Study on the Application of Submerged Plant Landscape Design in WaterEcological Restoration,Guangzhou

Abstract:Worldwide,thereare an enormous amount of studies focus on the ecology function and ecologicalhabits but landscaping function of the submerged plants—an important componentof aquatic plants.The article is trying to integrate ecological and plantinglandscaping theory for the purpose that water quality and underwater views canbe purified and improved in Guangzhou.Using the submerged plants as both waterpurification and landscape design material and led on to further study on theplanting design of urban parks.Exerting important ecological and landscapeconstructed function by going on cross-discipline study on submerged plants.Providing guidelines to help designers with waterscape construction and waterquality purification is the purpose of the article.The conclusion is drawing asfollows:

1.Liwan Lake has achieve the maximum utilization rate of submerged plantaccording to the investigation that made in September 2015,which is about thetypes of aquatic plants in Haizhu wetland park ,Liwan Lake and Haizhu Lake Park.Most of the parks simply use one kind of submerged plants .The articleintroduces proposals to deal with the present situation of landscape design ofaquatic plants in Guangzhou area, and recommend the application of submergedplant varieties that can be increased.

2.For the purpose of landscape application, the submerged plants fall into fourcategories according to their morphological features:branched plants, vine likeplants, grass like plants, water top green, and the application areillustrated.

3.Landscaping methods of both dynamic water and quiescent water are provided:take riverine system as the object, arrange subsurface flow wetland in theupstream to purify the river, while put the surface flow wetland in the layout, to play a role as repurificator. In a word,the design object is to increaseplanting landscape richness in order to deepen and enrich the view.

4.The methods to purify water quality have been put forwards:pring plants such aswater hyacinth, Alternanthera philoxeroides, that can increase the watertransparency  rapidly in the initialpurification when cooperate with Daphnia magna .Introduce submerged plant whenachieve light compensation point. Ecological floating bed can be used to plantemergent plant in the early autumn, and to salvage the floating plant in timein order to avoid the repollution.

5.According to the different characteristics of static water, put forward thecorresponding principle of submerged plant application. Submerged plant is suitto be the transitional materials using between deep and shallow water.Otherwise, emerging plant should be the main species while submerged plantshould be auxiliary. What’s more, low submerged plant can be planted inrevetment to build a landscape full of artistic conception. The completelysubmerged species should be planted along the small ponds revetment and thecharacteristics of the stone should be considered. Building landscape inlimnetic zone, submerged plant can be used to increase landscape level orcreate a unified background. Low varieties combined with micro topography orland art can create a iconic landscape.

6.Basedon the above principle, take the pool in the Lanpu park as the demonstrationsite and submerged plant viewing design has been put into practice.

Key words:submergedplant;ecologic design; water purification

摘    要

沉水植物为水生植物的一种，以往对沉水植物的研究大多集中在其生态习性及净水功能方面，如今希望将沉水植物的生态功能与园林造景功能结合考虑，以广州常见主要沉水植物为研究对象，结合水生态修复技术，修复现有的城市园林水体的生态系统和提升园林沉水植物景观，在发挥其净水去污的基础上，将其作为造景材料，进一步挖掘其在园林中的用途，重点解决在城市园林水体中，沉水植物的园林应用技术问题。通过对沉水植物生态功能和景观功能的探讨，尝试进行跨专业的综合研究，寻找发挥沉水植物生态效益和景观效益的园林应用方法，为将来水生植物的科学、生态造景提供参考和指导。主要研究结论如下：

1.根据对水生植物种类较多的海珠湿地公园一期示范区、海珠湖公园、荔湾湖及荔枝湾涌的实地调查，发现大部分公园沉水植物应用1种左右，常见种为狐尾藻，造景模式和应用种类相对单一。在此基础上，针对广州地区水生植物造景现状提出建议，并推荐可增加应用的沉水植物品种。

2.以园林景观应用为目的，根据沉水植物形态特征将其分为枝状植物、蔓状植物、草状植物、挺水绿冠四类，并对其应用方式进行说明。

3.提出了在动水环境中沉水植物的净水和造景方法：以河流水系为对象，在上游布置潜流湿地，在公园下游布置景观表面流湿地，进行补充净化。沉水植物选择适宜或喜流水环境的品种，针对公园中的人工动水环境提出了相应的造景原则。

4.提出了广州地区静态水体水质净化方法：春季栽种如凤眼莲等水生植物，配合投放的食藻虫在净化初期快速提高水体透明度；在达到光补偿点后，引种沉水植物，恢复沉水植物群落。秋初利用生态浮床技术种植具净水功能的挺水植物，并及时打捞植物以免造成二次污染。

5.对不同特征的静态水体提出对应的沉水植物应用原则，按大水域和小水域的不同特点从沿岸带及湖沼带两个植被带进行阐述。

6.以上述原理为基础，以兰圃水体为示范性场地，进行净水和沉水植物园林应用实践。

关键词：沉水植物；水域生态设计；园林水体生态修复；园林造景应用

Study on the Application of Submerged Plant Landscape Design in WaterEcological Restoration,Guangzhou

Abstract:Worldwide,thereare an enormous amount of studies focus on the ecology function and ecologicalhabits but landscaping function of the submerged plants—an important componentof aquatic plants.The article is trying to integrate ecological and plantinglandscaping theory for the purpose that water quality and underwater views canbe purified and improved in Guangzhou.Using the submerged plants as both waterpurification and landscape design material and led on to further study on theplanting design of urban parks.Exerting important ecological and landscapeconstructed function by going on cross-discipline study on submerged plants.Providing guidelines to help designers with waterscape construction and waterquality purification is the purpose of the article.The conclusion is drawing asfollows:

1.Liwan Lake has achieve the maximum utilization rate of submerged plantaccording to the investigation that made in September 2015,which is about thetypes of aquatic plants in Haizhu wetland park ,Liwan Lake and Haizhu Lake Park.Most of the parks simply use one kind of submerged plants .The articleintroduces proposals to deal with the present situation of landscape design ofaquatic plants in Guangzhou area, and recommend the application of submergedplant varieties that can be increased.

2.For the purpose of landscape application, the submerged plants fall into fourcategories according to their morphological features:branched plants, vine likeplants, grass like plants, water top green, and the application areillustrated.

3.Landscaping methods of both dynamic water and quiescent water are provided:take riverine system as the object, arrange subsurface flow wetland in theupstream to purify the river, while put the surface flow wetland in the layout, to play a role as repurificator. In a word,the design object is to increaseplanting landscape richness in order to deepen and enrich the view.

4.The methods to purify water quality have been put forwards:pring plants such aswater hyacinth, Alternanthera philoxeroides, that can increase the watertransparency  rapidly in the initialpurification when cooperate with Daphnia magna .Introduce submerged plant whenachieve light compensation point. Ecological floating bed can be used to plantemergent plant in the early autumn, and to salvage the floating plant in timein order to avoid the repollution.

5.According to the different characteristics of static water, put forward thecorresponding principle of submerged plant application. Submerged plant is suitto be the transitional materials using between deep and shallow water.Otherwise, emerging plant should be the main species while submerged plantshould be auxiliary. What’s more, low submerged plant can be planted inrevetment to build a landscape full of artistic conception. The completelysubmerged species should be planted along the small ponds revetment and thecharacteristics of the stone should be considered. Building landscape inlimnetic zone, submerged plant can be used to increase landscape level orcreate a unified background. Low varieties combined with micro topography orland art can create a iconic landscape.

6.Basedon the above principle, take the pool in the Lanpu park as the demonstrationsite and submerged plant viewing design has been put into practice.

Key words:submergedplant;ecologic design; water purification