摘    要

景观水体的生态环境与其护岸的设计密切相关。没有结合生态修复功能的景观水体护岸，其水体不能自我净化以长期保持清水态，整座园林亦不能被可持续观赏，因此结合生态修复功能的护岸对园林的可持续发展具有不可或缺的作用。本文的目的就是研究如何建设结合生态修复功能的景观水体护岸，使水体的各级营养阶级良好运作，水体净化模式回归自然，达到中国园林追求自然美的初衷。

本论文的研究内容有以下三点：

（1）研究景观水体护岸的构建要素和生态修复功能评价体系。融合多个学科的内容，从园林工程学、生态修复理论、水生态净化原理的角度来研究现有景观水体护岸的构建要素，结合层次分析等评价方法，研究适合评价景观水体生态修复功能的评价体系。

（2）分析和归纳现有景观水体护岸的生态修复效果。从生态要素、工程措施、社会要素和经济效益等四个方面综合分析现有景观水体的生态修复效果，整理和筛选出综合效果或单个效果优良的护岸，研究其构建特点，为护岸的设计起到抛砖引玉的作用

（3）探讨景观水体生态化护岸的应用设计。针对现时具有生态修复功能的景观水体护岸进行改良，使生态化护岸能帮助景观水体长期维持清水态，另外总结其设计要点和在不同场地条件下的应用方式，并且针对实际场地提出景观水体护岸生态化改造设计案例。

经过研究与探索，与景观水体护岸的生态化设计相关的研究成果如下，希望能为各位学者提供一定的思维激发作用。主要研究结论如下：

（1）景观水体污染物主要是水中的微生物，其中主要是藻类和原生动物，对水质的影响主要表现在物理性质发面，当大量存在于景观水体时会使水体呈现出各种不正常的颜色，并且挥发出浓烈臭味。景观水体藻类过度繁殖是景观水体中变黑变丑的根本原因，而水体产生富营养化的直接导致因素是景观水体（尤其是较为封闭的水体）中的氮、磷等植物营养物质含量过多。

（2）根据景观水体主要污染来源提出水体护岸构建的四要素，包括水体要素、生态要素、工程要素和经济要素，四要素下囊括28个构建因子，全面反应景观水体生态化护岸的构建特征。四要素中生态要素最为重要，其次为工程要素，再次之为经济要素，水体要素不影响生态化护岸生态修复功能的存在，只对其生态功能的发挥产生影响。

（3）景观水体生态化护岸评价从护岸构建四要素提取中18个构建因子作为评价因子和加分因子，构建景观水体护岸综合评价体系。并得出现有平静水体护岸中棕纤维垫护岸、草坡与水生植物护岸、抛石护岸具有优良的综合性能；流动水体中净水石笼护岸、柳树树桩护岸具有优良的综合性能。

（4）根据景观水体的环境类型把景观水体归纳为内缘污染为主、外源污染为主、水位变幅较大、岸线曲率较大、狭窄流动水体五种不同环境类型的景观水体。通过总结不同环境类型水体特点归纳出所需护岸的构建要点，选取以上综合评价性能优良的护岸进行应用，包括棕纤维垫护岸、草皮与水生植物护岸、柳树树桩护岸等3种护岸；同时通过对现有具有改造潜力的护岸进行优化改良，提出具有代表性的剖面构造，包括植生抛石护岸、阶式净水石笼护岸、立式净水石笼护岸、U型生态混凝土-水生植物护岸、阶式鱼巢砖护岸、复式鱼巢砖护岸、复式净水石笼护岸等7种护岸。所提出的10种生态化护岸的综合评价等级皆为优良，且大部分在优良层级中综合评价指数获得高分。最后以广州荔湾湖和荔枝湾涌为实例进行生态化护岸应用设计。

关键词：生态修复；景观水体；生态化护岸

ComprehensiveEvaluation and Design Research of Landscape Water Revetment with Ecological RestorationFunction

Ecologicalenvironment of landscape water is closely related with the design of revetment.Combining ecological restoration with landscape revetment plays anindispensable role in the sustainable development of the landscape. The purposeof this paper is to study how to build landscape revetment combining withecological restoration.  The purificationmode of landscape water should be returned to natural，achieving the Chinese garden’s pursuit of natural beauty.

Theresearch content of this paper as the following:

(1)Combining with multiple subjects，the landscape revetment construction elements and evaluation system ofecological restoration would be researched.

(2)Existing landscape revetment ecological restoration effect would becomprehensively analyzed in four aspect including ecological elements，engineering measures，social elements and economic benefits

(3)In view of the current landscape revetment with functions of ecologicalrestoration ，put forward the improvement to help the landscape water to maintain long-termclean. What’s more，landscape ecological revetment modification design case is to be put forward.

Certainfindings have been obtained through research and exploration. The main researchconclusions are as follows:

(1)Landscape water contaminant is mainly the microorganisms in the water whichmainly includes the algae and protozoans. Water quality is mainly influenced inphysical properties. Algae overgrowth in landscape water is the root cause oflandscape water turning in the ugly or black. It is excessive content ofnitrogen， phosphorus and other plantnutrients that cause eutrophication in landscape water directly (especially theenclosed landscape water).

(2) According to main pollution source oflandscape water，four revetment construction elements are put forward，including water element，ecological element，engineering element and economic element. Four elements include 28 factors.Thereinto ecological elements are most important，followed by engineering factor，again to economic factors. Existence of the ecological restoration function isnot influenced by water element which only have impact on its ecologicalfunctions.

(3) 18 factors of revetment construction arechosen as evaluation factors and plus factor and comprehensive evaluationsystem of landscape water body revetment. And it is concluded that 3 existingrevetment in calm water，including palm fiber mat revetment，the turf and aquatic plant revetment，the ripped-rock revetment are with excellent comprehensive performance; 2existing revetment in flow water，including willow tree stump revetment，revetment built with stone cage has excellent comprehensive performance.

(4)Depending on the type of environment，landscape water is divided into five different types. By summing up thefeatures of different environment water，revetment construction key points are concluded. 3 revetments with excellentcomprehensive performance including the palm fiber mat revetment，turf and aquatic plant revetment，the willow tree stumps revetment are applied directly.

Atthe same time，potential revetments are improved，including ripped-rock with plants revetment，ladder-like stone cage revetment，vertical stone cage revetment，u-shaped ecological concrete - aquatic plant revetment，ladder-like fish-nest brisk revetment，multiple fish-nest brisk revetment，multiple stone cage revetment. Comprehensive evaluation of above 10 ecologicalrevetment grade is good，and most comprehensive evaluation index get high marks. Finally Liwan Lake andLizhiwan River are taken as an design example to apply the ecologicalrevetments.

Keywords：ecological restoration; landscape water;ecological revetment

摘    要

景观水体的生态环境与其护岸的设计密切相关。没有结合生态修复功能的景观水体护岸，其水体不能自我净化以长期保持清水态，整座园林亦不能被可持续观赏，因此结合生态修复功能的护岸对园林的可持续发展具有不可或缺的作用。本文的目的就是研究如何建设结合生态修复功能的景观水体护岸，使水体的各级营养阶级良好运作，水体净化模式回归自然，达到中国园林追求自然美的初衷。

本论文的研究内容有以下三点：

（1）研究景观水体护岸的构建要素和生态修复功能评价体系。融合多个学科的内容，从园林工程学、生态修复理论、水生态净化原理的角度来研究现有景观水体护岸的构建要素，结合层次分析等评价方法，研究适合评价景观水体生态修复功能的评价体系。

（2）分析和归纳现有景观水体护岸的生态修复效果。从生态要素、工程措施、社会要素和经济效益等四个方面综合分析现有景观水体的生态修复效果，整理和筛选出综合效果或单个效果优良的护岸，研究其构建特点，为护岸的设计起到抛砖引玉的作用

（3）探讨景观水体生态化护岸的应用设计。针对现时具有生态修复功能的景观水体护岸进行改良，使生态化护岸能帮助景观水体长期维持清水态，另外总结其设计要点和在不同场地条件下的应用方式，并且针对实际场地提出景观水体护岸生态化改造设计案例。

经过研究与探索，与景观水体护岸的生态化设计相关的研究成果如下，希望能为各位学者提供一定的思维激发作用。主要研究结论如下：

（1）景观水体污染物主要是水中的微生物，其中主要是藻类和原生动物，对水质的影响主要表现在物理性质发面，当大量存在于景观水体时会使水体呈现出各种不正常的颜色，并且挥发出浓烈臭味。景观水体藻类过度繁殖是景观水体中变黑变丑的根本原因，而水体产生富营养化的直接导致因素是景观水体（尤其是较为封闭的水体）中的氮、磷等植物营养物质含量过多。

（2）根据景观水体主要污染来源提出水体护岸构建的四要素，包括水体要素、生态要素、工程要素和经济要素，四要素下囊括28个构建因子，全面反应景观水体生态化护岸的构建特征。四要素中生态要素最为重要，其次为工程要素，再次之为经济要素，水体要素不影响生态化护岸生态修复功能的存在，只对其生态功能的发挥产生影响。

（3）景观水体生态化护岸评价从护岸构建四要素提取中18个构建因子作为评价因子和加分因子，构建景观水体护岸综合评价体系。并得出现有平静水体护岸中棕纤维垫护岸、草坡与水生植物护岸、抛石护岸具有优良的综合性能；流动水体中净水石笼护岸、柳树树桩护岸具有优良的综合性能。

（4）根据景观水体的环境类型把景观水体归纳为内缘污染为主、外源污染为主、水位变幅较大、岸线曲率较大、狭窄流动水体五种不同环境类型的景观水体。通过总结不同环境类型水体特点归纳出所需护岸的构建要点，选取以上综合评价性能优良的护岸进行应用，包括棕纤维垫护岸、草皮与水生植物护岸、柳树树桩护岸等3种护岸；同时通过对现有具有改造潜力的护岸进行优化改良，提出具有代表性的剖面构造，包括植生抛石护岸、阶式净水石笼护岸、立式净水石笼护岸、U型生态混凝土-水生植物护岸、阶式鱼巢砖护岸、复式鱼巢砖护岸、复式净水石笼护岸等7种护岸。所提出的10种生态化护岸的综合评价等级皆为优良，且大部分在优良层级中综合评价指数获得高分。最后以广州荔湾湖和荔枝湾涌为实例进行生态化护岸应用设计。

关键词：生态修复；景观水体；生态化护岸

ComprehensiveEvaluation and Design Research of Landscape Water Revetment with Ecological RestorationFunction

Ecologicalenvironment of landscape water is closely related with the design of revetment.Combining ecological restoration with landscape revetment plays anindispensable role in the sustainable development of the landscape. The purposeof this paper is to study how to build landscape revetment combining withecological restoration.  The purificationmode of landscape water should be returned to natural，achieving the Chinese garden’s pursuit of natural beauty.

Theresearch content of this paper as the following:

(1)Combining with multiple subjects，the landscape revetment construction elements and evaluation system ofecological restoration would be researched.

(2)Existing landscape revetment ecological restoration effect would becomprehensively analyzed in four aspect including ecological elements，engineering measures，social elements and economic benefits

(3)In view of the current landscape revetment with functions of ecologicalrestoration ，put forward the improvement to help the landscape water to maintain long-termclean. What’s more，landscape ecological revetment modification design case is to be put forward.

Certainfindings have been obtained through research and exploration. The main researchconclusions are as follows:

(1)Landscape water contaminant is mainly the microorganisms in the water whichmainly includes the algae and protozoans. Water quality is mainly influenced inphysical properties. Algae overgrowth in landscape water is the root cause oflandscape water turning in the ugly or black. It is excessive content ofnitrogen， phosphorus and other plantnutrients that cause eutrophication in landscape water directly (especially theenclosed landscape water).

(2) According to main pollution source oflandscape water，four revetment construction elements are put forward，including water element，ecological element，engineering element and economic element. Four elements include 28 factors.Thereinto ecological elements are most important，followed by engineering factor，again to economic factors. Existence of the ecological restoration function isnot influenced by water element which only have impact on its ecologicalfunctions.

(3) 18 factors of revetment construction arechosen as evaluation factors and plus factor and comprehensive evaluationsystem of landscape water body revetment. And it is concluded that 3 existingrevetment in calm water，including palm fiber mat revetment，the turf and aquatic plant revetment，the ripped-rock revetment are with excellent comprehensive performance; 2existing revetment in flow water，including willow tree stump revetment，revetment built with stone cage has excellent comprehensive performance.

(4)Depending on the type of environment，landscape water is divided into five different types. By summing up thefeatures of different environment water，revetment construction key points are concluded. 3 revetments with excellentcomprehensive performance including the palm fiber mat revetment，turf and aquatic plant revetment，the willow tree stumps revetment are applied directly.

Atthe same time，potential revetments are improved，including ripped-rock with plants revetment，ladder-like stone cage revetment，vertical stone cage revetment，u-shaped ecological concrete - aquatic plant revetment，ladder-like fish-nest brisk revetment，multiple fish-nest brisk revetment，multiple stone cage revetment. Comprehensive evaluation of above 10 ecologicalrevetment grade is good，and most comprehensive evaluation index get high marks. Finally Liwan Lake andLizhiwan River are taken as an design example to apply the ecologicalrevetments.

Keywords：ecological restoration; landscape water;ecological revetment