Description
描述
The project has been built for 10 years. We co-initiated it in 2009 as a program and architectural revitalization of the Prague riverfront area that was built as a quay and transhipment point. The area was deserted after the 2002 floods and used as a car park. By gradual program activation, we have achieved cultural and social revival, and subsequently, architectural rehabilitation.
这个项目已经建了10年。我们于2009年共同发起了这项计划,并对布拉格河岸地区进行了建筑复兴,该地区被建造为码头和转运点。该地区在2002年洪水后荒芜,被用作停车场。通过逐步激活项目,我们实现了文化和社会复兴,随后实现了建筑复兴。
Urban context
城市背景
Prague’s riverfront area is a public space of city-wide significance, enabling a unique symbiosis of public space with the spinal cord of the city: the Vltava River. In the regulated part of the banks, the riverfront architecture becomes the backbone for the river spinal cord, which, through the individual "vertebrae" of the embankments, holds the skeletal system of the city on which the entire urban structure forming its body is hung. This skeleton should not be stiff, mounted and petrified as a monumental relic, but should allow the flowing and cultural life of all-Prague significance based on architectural and content authenticity. In our revitalization, we initiate this layer and create a functional tension between the opening of the vaults and their content based on unique contact with the exterior, the tension between the “splendid isolation” of the immediate relationship with the river and the secondary connection to the city from the upper level of the embankment. We work with a characteristic approach to spatial detail; our interventions contrast, and at the same time, complement the whole with meaningful (sensory) fragments with the same principle as the eye complements the face; it is its sensor, as well as an integral part.
布拉格的沿河地区是一个具有城市意义的公共空间,使公共空间与城市的脊髓形成了独特的共生关系:伏尔塔瓦河。在河岸的调节部分,河岸建筑成为河流脊髓的骨干,通过河堤的单独“椎骨”,承载着城市的骨骼系统,整个城市结构形成了它的身体。这个骨架不应该是僵硬的,安装和石化作为一个纪念碑遗迹,但应该体现布拉格的意义,体现基于建筑和内容的真实性的流动和文化生活。在我们的复兴中,我们启动了这一层,并在拱顶的开放和其内容之间创造了一种功能性的张力,这种张力是基于与外部的独特联系,在与河流的直接关系的“辉煌隔离”和从堤岸的上层到城市的二次连接之间的张力。我们以一种独特的方法来处理空间细节;我们的干预对比,同时,用有意义的(感官)片段来补充整体,就像眼睛补充面部一样;它是传感器,也是不可或缺的一部分。
The vast revitalized riverfront area stretches along the three Prague embankments: Rašín, Hořejší and Dvořák, almost 4 km in length. The completed first phase is Prague's largest investment in public space after the revolution in 1989, the first of this kind, and with great sociocultural impact. It focused on the reconstruction of 20 vaults in the riverside wall (originally ice storage areas). Instead of creating classic interiors, the vaults are merged with the exterior with maximum contact with the riverfront area and the river.
这片经过稳固振兴的河岸地区沿着布拉格的三条堤岸延伸:Rašín、Hošejš和Dvošák,长约4公里。完成的第一阶段是1989年革命后布拉格对公共空间的最大投资,是第一个此类投资,具有巨大的社会文化影响。它的重点是重建河墙(最初是冰储存区)中的20个拱顶。拱顶并没有创造出经典的内部,而是与外部融合,最大限度地接触河岸区域和河流。
Program
目的
The vaults will serve as cafes, clubs, studios, workshops, galleries, a library branch, space for neighbour meetings and public toilets. The architectural design works with modular diversity, the spaces are designed as a detailed base that includes all operational and technical facilities and a bar that can be moved to different positions. There is a user’s manual that contains the identification of the individual tenants and the addition of built-in elements (the insertion of floors into large vaults, exterior bar, etc.) Emphasis is placed on the possible adjustment of each of the vaults so that they gain consistent integrity through the equipment of each tenant with their seating furniture and interior elements. As architects, we supervise the individual adjustments so that the basic vision of the area is preserved, while achieving authenticity for each tenant. We try to be support for the tenants and stay in the background architecturally, allowing a diversity of opinions. Although this often means different architectural sensitivity, we believe this will complement our basic vault design through another layer. Most of the tenants who co-created the phenomenon of the riverfront area will continue there and new projects have been selected from a whole spectrum of plans in an open public competition. We believe they will socially complement the riverfront area and offer various content and program concepts that will cater to all needs.
这些地下室将用作咖啡馆、俱乐部、工作室、厂房、画廊、图书馆分馆、邻居会议空间和公共厕所。建筑设计具有模块化的多样性,空间被设计为一个详细的基础设施,包括所有操作和技术设施,以及一个可以移动到不同位置的酒吧。有一份用户手册,其中包含了单个租户的身份识别和内置元素的添加(将地板插入大型拱顶、外部酒吧等)。重点是每个拱顶的可调整性,以便通过每个租户的设备及其座椅家具和内部元素获得一致的完整性。作为建筑师,我们监督各个调整措施,以达成该区域的基本愿景,同时实现每个租户的真实性。我们试图为租户提供支持,并在建筑上保持背景,允许不同的意见。尽管这通常意味着不同的建筑敏感性,但我们相信这将通过另一层来补充我们的基本拱顶设计。大多数共同创造了河岸地区现象的租户将继续在那里,新项目已在公开的公开竞争中从一系列计划中选出。我们相信,他们将在社会上补充河岸地区,并提供满足所有需求的各种内容和节目概念。
As part of the architectural revitalization, we initiated the creation of a program methodology for the riverfront area. The position of curator was created to complement the functional triangle of manager–architect–curator, with an authority overseeing the cultural and social quality of this valuable public space.
作为建筑振兴的一部分,我们开始为河边地区创建项目方法。策展人的职位是为了补充管理者-建筑师-策展人这一职能三角关系,并由一位权威监督这一宝贵公共空间的文化和社会质量。
Architectural design
建筑设计
The interventions symbiotically merge with the original architecture of the riverside wall, into which they naturally fuse; by using the acupuncture strategy, they re-create a monumental whole. The aim is the most direct connection with the riverfront area with the maximum opening of the spaces inside the wall. The architectural design responds to the context of the place and works with minimal artistic means that allow purging of the existing shapes and relations and finding new interconnection views and possibilities arising from the environment of the embankment.
这些干预措施与河岸墙的原始建筑共生融合,自然融入其中;通过使用针灸策略,他们重新创造了一个不朽的整体。目标是与河岸区域最直接的连接,最大限度地打开墙内的空间。建筑设计以最低限度的艺术手段回应了该地点的环境,允许清除现有的形状和关系,并从路堤环境中找到新的互连视图和可能性。
The six vaults on the Rašín Embankment are built following the almost circular arc of the upper part of the existing openings. The design itself is based on a tiny intervention, which takes more than it adds and brings the existing quality back in a contemporary way, creating a unique situation and opportunity. The former stretch metal curtain wall and stone constructions built into the original bridge arches of the riverfront wall were knocked down and replaced with large-format glazed round windows that open by diagonal rotation inside the frame. The entrance portals are designed as atypical steel frames with dilated elliptic glass weighing 1–1.5t. The stone arched linings of the existing portals are completed with stone stepped volumes following the former steps allusion, which hide the installation shaft, air-conditioning vent and anti-flood control elements. The elliptical pivoting windows made of organic glass 7cm thick and 5.5m in diameter weigh approximately 2.5t. Each has a unique shape and, due to their size exceeding the standard glazing, these are probably the largest pivot windows in the world. Opening and closing is engine powered. For the operation of the inner spaces, the windows are fixed in the position of 60% of its opening. Other options are automatic opening with motion-detecting sensors, or they can be opened by the bar staff. The fourteen vaults on the Hořejší Embankment have steel sculptural entrances curved into the jamb in such a way that they connect the vault with the riverfront area in the entire space when opened. In the vaults with public toilets, the entrance wings follow a smooth arc into the interior membrane separating the cabins from the public area.
Rašín堤岸上的六个拱顶是沿着现有开口上部的几乎圆形弧线建造的。设计本身是基于一个微小的干预,这需要比增加更多的东西,并以当代的方式将现有的质量带回,创造了一个独特的局面和机会。原先的拉伸金属幕墙和建于河岸墙原有桥拱中的石头建筑被拆除,取而代之的是大尺寸的圆形玻璃窗,通过框架内的对角旋转打开。入口设计为非典型钢框架,带有1–1.5t的膨胀椭圆玻璃。现有入口的石拱衬砌采用石阶式体量,遵循先前的台阶设计,隐藏安装竖井、空调通风口和防洪元件。由7cm厚、5.5m直径的有机玻璃制成的椭圆形旋转窗重约2.5t。每一扇都有独特的形状,由于其尺寸超过了标准玻璃,这些可能是世界上最大的旋转窗。打开和关闭由发动机驱动。对于内部空间的操作,窗户固定在其开口的60%的位置。其他选项包括带有运动检测传感器的自动打开,或者可以由酒吧工作人员打开。Hošejší堤岸上的十四个拱顶有钢制雕塑入口,弯曲到侧柱中,从而在打开时将拱顶与整个空间中的河岸区域连接起来。在带有公共厕所的拱顶中,入口翼沿着平滑的弧线进入内部隔膜,将客舱与公共区域隔开。
Structure and materials
结构和材料
During the reconstruction, all built-in elements, including floors, were demolished and built using a method of insertion of the new building into the original space. Flood control reinforced base slabs with pumping sumps were made, water infiltration was repaired and walls were insulated and finished with torcreted concrete on load-bearing reinforcements, consolidating the geometry of rolled vaults. The built-in partitions were concreted as monolithic reinforced concrete ones with inserted installations. The design and materials of the individual elements of the vaults are unified for all types of spaces. The surfaces of the walls and ceilings are designed as sandblasted concrete with a cast concrete floor and a cast monolithic staircase. The hatches and doors are finished with surfaces corresponding to the adjoining surfaces of the walls and floors (sandblasted and cast concrete and impregnated black steel in the public toilet vaults). The doors are non-rebated with hidden self-closing devices. In the vaulted spaces, built-in inserts for hanging exhibitions are inserted into the surfaces. The inserted parts of bars and partitions are clad in black titanium-coated stainless-steel plate, complementing through reflection the spatial geometry of the vaults, and through the constant volatile movement of the reflection, bringing the fluid incomprehensibility of the river inside. The lighting is designed using light ramps in the public toilets as indirect lighting embedded in a steel wall with light reflection from the ceiling.
在重建过程中,包括地板在内的所有内置构件都被拆除,并采用将新建筑插入原始空间的方法进行建造。制作了带有抽水集水坑的防洪加固底板,修复了渗水,并对墙体进行了隔热处理,并在承重钢筋上用火炬混凝土进行了表面处理,从而巩固了滚动拱顶的几何结构。内置隔墙用混凝土浇筑成带有插入装置的整体式钢筋混凝土隔墙。拱顶各个元素的设计和材料对于所有类型的空间都是统一的。墙壁和天花板的表面设计为喷砂混凝土,带有铸造混凝土地板和铸造整体楼梯。舱口和门的表面与墙壁和地板的相邻表面相对应(公共厕所拱顶中的喷砂和浇注混凝土以及浸渍黑色钢)。门无凹槽,带有隐藏式自动关闭装置。在拱形空间中,用于悬挂展览的内置插件插入表面。钢筋和隔墙的插入部分覆盖在黑色钛涂层不锈钢板上,通过反射补充拱顶的空间几何结构,并通过反射的持续波动运动,使内部河流的流动无法理解。照明设计使用公共厕所的光坡道作为嵌入钢墙的间接照明,天花板反射光。
Technical design
技术设计
A combination of floor heating with air-conditioning with heat recovery and infrared heaters allows year-round operation, so it can be connected with the riverfront area with the windows open all year. All of the engineering distributions are integrated into the vault structures so that they do not interfere with the visual design. The air conditioning has atypical slits inserted into the portal staircase joints and inner slots on the Rašín Embankment; whereas on the Hořejší Embankment, it is inserted into the window jambs and outlets in the floor and walls. The electrical installation outlets, water and sewerage are hidden in built-in cylindrical floor boxes. The vaults are barrier-free, protected by portable flood-stop barriers. All of the spaces use modular, fully-equipped cabins that include wall-mounted stainless-steel toilets, custom-made, automatic washbasins with hand dryers, lighting, waste bin and fan. The toilet doors have atypical light occupancy indicators designed as a glass ball with a pictogram (men, women or unisex). The entire sewerage removal system works as a pressure pumping system, which pumps the sewage into the sewer mains located above the level of the embankment.
地板供暖与空调、热回收和红外加热器的组合允许全年运行,因此它可以与全年开窗的河边区域连接。所有工程分布都集成到拱顶结构中,因此不会干扰视觉设计。空调具有插入门式楼梯接缝和Rašín路堤内槽的非典型狭缝;而在Hošejší路堤上,它被插入到地板和墙壁的窗框和出口中。电气安装插座、水和下水道隐藏在内置圆柱形地板盒中。拱顶是无障碍的,由便携式防洪屏障保护。所有空间均采用模块化、设备齐全的舱室,包括壁装式不锈钢马桶、定制的自动洗手盆,配有干手器、照明、垃圾箱和风扇。厕所门有非典型的光占用指示器,设计为带有象形文字的玻璃球(男性、女性或男女)。整个污水排放系统作为压力泵系统工作,将污水泵入位于路堤上方的下水道干管。
Ongoing phases
正在进行的阶段
The next phases of the ongoing revitalization include design of the street furniture (underground litter bins, drinking fountains, benches), free-standing toilets, floating pool, floating terminal for cruise boats and floating toilets, as well as a lighting system. The remaining few vaults and infrastructure networking are now being reconstructed. One issue to be addressed is a reduction in boats and floating facilities anchored to the river bank and situating these so they do not obstruct the contact between the newly opened vaults and the river. There will be a rearrangement and a reduction, which should reflect the qualitative contribution and logic of placing the floating facility with respect to the value of its type, architectural nature and program, with preference for low decks allowing a view of the river and cultural content that does not parasitize the riverfront commercial exploitation through the quantitative sale of refreshments.
正在进行的复兴的下一阶段包括街道家具(地下垃圾箱、饮水机、长椅)、独立式厕所、浮式游泳池、游船浮式码头和浮式厕所的设计,以及照明系统。剩下的几个金库和基础设施网络正在重建中。需要解决的一个问题是减少固定在河岸上的船只和漂浮设施,并将其放置在不妨碍新打开的拱顶与河流之间的接触的位置。将进行重新安排和减少,这应反映出根据其类型、建筑性质和项目的价值放置浮动设施的定性贡献和逻辑,通过定量销售茶点,可以欣赏到河流和文化内容,而不会寄生在河边商业开发中。
One of the important elements enabling the clearing of the bank edge of the riverfront area is a future floating terminal for cruise boats, which will concentrate the boarding of boats into one epicentre. The floating pool, restoring the Prague tradition of river baths, is an element with a significant relationship to the history of the area.
能够清理河岸区域河岸边缘的一个重要因素是未来的游船浮动码头,这将集中船只登上震中。浮池恢复了布拉格河浴的传统,是一个与该地区历史有着重要关系的元素。
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