2022园冶杯大学生论文国际竞赛

枣花芽分化进程及生理生化特性研究

Study on the Process of Flower Bud Differentiation and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Chinese Jujube

报 名 组 别：本科

报 名 序 号：LADDEPB202200009325

摘  要

枣原产于我国，是我国重要的经济林树种，也是园林绿化和景观营造中不可缺少的树种。枣树不但能有效地起到防风固沙、调温调湿、保持水土、减弱噪音的作用，更兼有春季繁花似锦、芳香四溢，夏季绿荫遍地、遮阳送凉，秋季硕果累累、果色多变，成为重要的园林景观。花芽分化是成花的基础，为提高枣树的观赏效益、增加其综合价值，本研究以南方鲜食枣品种“中秋酥脆枣”为试材，通过采用大田拍照和体视镜拍照观察枣花芽的外部发育进程；采用石蜡制片法观察花芽分化过程的内部解剖结构；采用扫描电镜观察花芽分化发育过程的亚显微结构变化；并对花芽分化过程中的营养物质含量进行检测，分析枣花芽分化过程中形态变化及营养物质积累等。主要结果如下：

（1）“中秋酥脆枣”花芽分化由外向内分化进行，6-7 d内完成。花芽分化可化分为六个分化阶段：花原基分化初期、分化初期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期。花瓣分化期到雌蕊分化期体积大小差异大。同时枣花的分化随枣吊生长不断进行，因此可以在同一时间看见不同分化阶段的枣花芽。

（2）各营养物质含量随花芽分化进程而发生变化，且不同时期差异显著。在花芽开始分化过程中消耗了大量营养物质，花芽中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量下降；之后，随着“中秋酥脆枣”花芽的分化又为下一阶段开花积累营养物质，花芽中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉的含量上升；花芽分化结束会消耗大量营养物质使得可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量再次下降，且整个花芽分化过程中淀粉含量始终高于可溶性糖和还原糖含量。说明枣可溶性糖和淀粉等营养物质促进花芽形态的分化。

关键词：枣，花芽，花芽分化，营养物质，生理特性

ABSTRACT

Chinese jujube is native to our country, which is an important economic tree species in our country, and also an indispensable tree species in landscaping and landscape construction. Jujube can not only effectively play the role of windbreak sand consolidation, temperature and humidity regulation, soil and water conservation, reduce the noise, but also the spring flowers, fragrant, summer shade everywhere, shade to send cool, autumn fruitful, changeable fruit color, become an important landscape. Flower bud differentiation is the basis of flower formation. In order to improve the ornamental benefits and increase the comprehensive value of jujube, this study took "Ziziphus jujube", a fresh jujube variety in South China, as the test material, and observed the external development process of jujube bud through field photography and stereopic photography. The internal anatomy of flower bud differentiation was observed by paraffin sectioning method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the submicroscopic structure changes of flower buds during differentiation and development. The contents of nutrients during flower bud differentiation were detected, and the morphological changes and nutrient accumulation during flower bud differentiation were analyzed. The main results are as follows:

(1) The flower bud differentiation of "Ziziphus jujuba jujube" was carried out from the outside to the inside, and completed within 6-7 days. Flower bud differentiation can be divided into six stages: flower primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal differentiation, petal differentiation, stamen differentiation and pistil differentiation. There is a big difference in volume between petal differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage. At the same time, jujube flower differentiation continued with jujube hanging growth, so jujube flower buds of different differentiation stages could be seen at the same time.

(2) The contents of nutrients changed with the process of flower bud differentiation, and the differences were significant in different stages. In the process of flower bud differentiation, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch in flower bud decreased. After that, with the differentiation of flower buds of "Ziziphus jujube" and accumulation of nutrients for the next stage of flowering, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch in flower buds increased. At the end of flower bud differentiation, the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch decreased again due to the consumption of macarutrients, and the content of starch was always higher than that of soluble sugar and reducing sugar during the whole process of flower bud differentiation. These results indicated that the nutrients such as soluble sugar and starch promoted the differentiation of flower bud morphology. such as soluble sugars and starch promoted the differentiation of flower bud morphology.

Keywords: Chinese jujube, flower buds, flower bud differentiation, nutrients, physiological and biochemical characteristics

2022园冶杯大学生论文国际竞赛

枣花芽分化进程及生理生化特性研究

Study on the Process of Flower Bud Differentiation and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Chinese Jujube

报 名 组 别：本科

报 名 序 号：LADDEPB202200009325

摘  要

枣原产于我国，是我国重要的经济林树种，也是园林绿化和景观营造中不可缺少的树种。枣树不但能有效地起到防风固沙、调温调湿、保持水土、减弱噪音的作用，更兼有春季繁花似锦、芳香四溢，夏季绿荫遍地、遮阳送凉，秋季硕果累累、果色多变，成为重要的园林景观。花芽分化是成花的基础，为提高枣树的观赏效益、增加其综合价值，本研究以南方鲜食枣品种“中秋酥脆枣”为试材，通过采用大田拍照和体视镜拍照观察枣花芽的外部发育进程；采用石蜡制片法观察花芽分化过程的内部解剖结构；采用扫描电镜观察花芽分化发育过程的亚显微结构变化；并对花芽分化过程中的营养物质含量进行检测，分析枣花芽分化过程中形态变化及营养物质积累等。主要结果如下：

（1）“中秋酥脆枣”花芽分化由外向内分化进行，6-7 d内完成。花芽分化可化分为六个分化阶段：花原基分化初期、分化初期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期。花瓣分化期到雌蕊分化期体积大小差异大。同时枣花的分化随枣吊生长不断进行，因此可以在同一时间看见不同分化阶段的枣花芽。

（2）各营养物质含量随花芽分化进程而发生变化，且不同时期差异显著。在花芽开始分化过程中消耗了大量营养物质，花芽中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量下降；之后，随着“中秋酥脆枣”花芽的分化又为下一阶段开花积累营养物质，花芽中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉的含量上升；花芽分化结束会消耗大量营养物质使得可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量再次下降，且整个花芽分化过程中淀粉含量始终高于可溶性糖和还原糖含量。说明枣可溶性糖和淀粉等营养物质促进花芽形态的分化。

关键词：枣，花芽，花芽分化，营养物质，生理特性

ABSTRACT

Chinese jujube is native to our country, which is an important economic tree species in our country, and also an indispensable tree species in landscaping and landscape construction. Jujube can not only effectively play the role of windbreak sand consolidation, temperature and humidity regulation, soil and water conservation, reduce the noise, but also the spring flowers, fragrant, summer shade everywhere, shade to send cool, autumn fruitful, changeable fruit color, become an important landscape. Flower bud differentiation is the basis of flower formation. In order to improve the ornamental benefits and increase the comprehensive value of jujube, this study took "Ziziphus jujube", a fresh jujube variety in South China, as the test material, and observed the external development process of jujube bud through field photography and stereopic photography. The internal anatomy of flower bud differentiation was observed by paraffin sectioning method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the submicroscopic structure changes of flower buds during differentiation and development. The contents of nutrients during flower bud differentiation were detected, and the morphological changes and nutrient accumulation during flower bud differentiation were analyzed. The main results are as follows:

(1) The flower bud differentiation of "Ziziphus jujuba jujube" was carried out from the outside to the inside, and completed within 6-7 days. Flower bud differentiation can be divided into six stages: flower primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal differentiation, petal differentiation, stamen differentiation and pistil differentiation. There is a big difference in volume between petal differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage. At the same time, jujube flower differentiation continued with jujube hanging growth, so jujube flower buds of different differentiation stages could be seen at the same time.

(2) The contents of nutrients changed with the process of flower bud differentiation, and the differences were significant in different stages. In the process of flower bud differentiation, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch in flower bud decreased. After that, with the differentiation of flower buds of "Ziziphus jujube" and accumulation of nutrients for the next stage of flowering, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch in flower buds increased. At the end of flower bud differentiation, the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch decreased again due to the consumption of macarutrients, and the content of starch was always higher than that of soluble sugar and reducing sugar during the whole process of flower bud differentiation. These results indicated that the nutrients such as soluble sugar and starch promoted the differentiation of flower bud morphology. such as soluble sugars and starch promoted the differentiation of flower bud morphology.

Keywords: Chinese jujube, flower buds, flower bud differentiation, nutrients, physiological and biochemical characteristics